Seems the simple definition of the localization is that it is a tangent plane system connected to SPC at only the localized point?

See Adjustment Computations for a discussion of this problem and an example.Doesn't deal with multiple angles but a lot of things your not considering...

I'd level rather than using a superseded gravity model. I'd level even using EGM 2008.

Quick answer; Like GPS, instrument verticals are usually worse than horizontals. It's got to do with the sensitivity of vertical angles to leveling er...

It's in the same ballpark as the scalar error in distance. Your instrument is rated at, say, 5mm +/- 5 ppm for distance. It's the same for elevations....

The converter handles side shots perfectly. The only problems I've ever encountered were "operator error" related.

Sounds like a Request For Information could clear that up.

Special Publication 140.

Mike Marks said in the OP."But occasionally when talking with non space based geodesists I see a light bulb go off in their heads and they say, "Yep, ...

Using same turns adds redundancy. I'm trying to understand the other side of the discussion but I'm getting hung up on the "settling" of one tp in ide...

To answer the OPs question, you gotta love a spreadsheet; Ignoring procedures, equipment and a host of other error sources, the technical specs for...

For example; That kinda crap will drive you batty...

Problem with Ghilani, Adjustment Computations 5th edition and, well, the fourth, was the typos. At least you can find errata and corrections for the 4...