Ah. Then it should be below USSD as its older. Makes sense now. Thanks. Now if NGS would just finish the USSD to NAD 83 conversion they are working on...

USSD is United States Standard Datum, which later became North American Datum 1913 without any definition change. USBS I've now found on several older...

What baked my brain was that northings were positive and eastings negative. Completely opposite to the sign convention. I couldn't figure that one out...

Looks like a Wild subtense bar.

Two tips. 1. Redundancy. Have more than one method. 2. Simplicity. Drop a bob over the edge and place on line from floor below. Great sanity check.

Well, John I used a variant of DeLambre's 217 year old formula for solving ellipsoidal distances.We used to do it with the TI-55 calculator but it's s...

My data run through an iterative process.I had 0.000 000 5 left over.So call me a slacker for not doing another iteration. My formulae.

Um... = B11 - 40?Why doesn't that work?Ah, then you'd have to conditionally format the cell to ignore negative numbers. Oh well six of one and half a ...

I bought a tape from Lufkin and, for an additional fee, they provided a calibration certificate traceable to NIST. Also had two metric tapes calibrate...

John the point was to coax just those type of perceptive questions out of the crew chief. And to make the crew realize that the obvious answer (45 deg...

Ground includes a scale factor and an elevation factor for a combined scale factor. Local uses 1 as scale factor.

Ok. I had the SPC and LDP concepts, now I've got the localization concept. I'm a construction guy so I NEED not to have any distortion. I can get awa...

Then I'm not grasping its purpose. Isn't the idea to remove, or at least minimize, the distortions?

If the localization carries all the distortions of the SPC system how can it be affine? I grasp the LDP concept but the lightbulb over my head isn't l...