Also relevant to the use of Helmert transformations is the discussion of NAD27 to NAD83 in The development of NADCON was initiated was solve the probl...

On Helmert's method see: For issue of B-W v M-B see:

Shelby H. Griggs PLS, post: 407115, member: 335 wrote: Can you elaborate on that a bit. A properly done celestial observation should produce a geodeti...

This is the last edition of the Leitz Ephemeris.

RoadBurner, post: 406675, member: 6168 wrote: It's been years since I did one, but sometimes I'd like to think that I could do an hour-angle observati...

I mourn his passing as well.

Sorry. I did not closely read your post. I agree that the position shift between solutions hardly would result in a different geoid-ellipsis separatio...

Obviously the definitive answer will come from the NGS. I would not be surprised if the did not use the uncertainties available from their Geoid tools...

FWIW,I consider this field to be appropriate for the mark setter only. While, as you indicate, one can determine it with a detector.I would choose "Ot...

Unfortunately I must confess that this was hardly the most stupid thing I've done. Not all when I was young...I aspire to be situationally aware.

Loyal, post: 403368, member: 228 wrote: I suspect (but really know) that it may be because Bench Marks are often used (observed) during Ground Magneti...

Hardly occur at regular intervals...

SET is part of a larger program suite: EFT.I frankly hate it when people use XYZ to refer to 2D horizontal plus a 1D height. I only read the posting t...

And then there is this: and other articles linked from the site. Note references to Iranian spoofing of drones to allow their capture as well as some...

I confess that modern receivers,antennas and software are amazingly capable. For the most part human intervention is unnecessary. As I started GPS pro...

View the output files using qcview See:

Perhaps these screen captures fromwill help. Note the file names of the *.10o and *.10n files.