Bearings ALWAYS produce perfect angular closureBack when surveyors measured bearings on their compass, it made sense to report them. When they switch...

I think Nate started wurveying with his dad when he learned to walk.:-D

Back when surveyors were professionals...Back then EVERYBODY dressed up more than today. Probably the wagon driver and field hands at least had a whi...

Two Different Statistical ProblemsThanks! I think that may be what I was looking for and didn't know how to ask. At first read, that makes a lot of se...

Thanks for the references. I see the names in the Star*Net documentation, but hadn't located those books. I searched on line and found someone's ext...

I was really hoping someone would tell me what other commercial software uses for the factor to get from post-processing standard deviation to 95% con...

And If You Do Not Make Enough Observations>And If You Do Not Make Enough Observations to show a normal distribution, you have little right to adjus...

I Disagree BillWhen you apply least squares adjustment, you are implicitly certifying to the algorithm that the measurement errors are samples drawn f...

In memoriam Paul R. Wolf

If you search for discussions of this problem, you will find a recommendation to install an older version of GE and not let it update. I had to do th...

In my opinion ...When this has come up before, one answer seemed to be that certifying to others than the client did not open one to more ultimate lia...

Nothing against any of those references for eventual study, but I'd start with an elementary surveying book such as Wolf and Ghilani.

What ortho height are you comparing against?The data sheet linked does not give a NAVD88 ortho height, due to being in a subsistence area. AE5564 **...

One could argue that a stainless steel alloy is not "iron" and therefore the size specifications for iron do not apply to it.

I've played with "Reflective Safety Tape" strips made by Hillman Sign Center and sold by Home Depot. A package has 2 red and 2 white strips 6" x 1 1/...

I think the question, which was not stated in the article, was whether the railroads were given fee title or an easement. I suspect there is a pretty...