Useless drivel. It still doesn't mention deflection of the vertical or Laplace correction, which any surveying textbook would discuss in this regard. ...

ChatGPT said: astronomical north, also called celestial north or astronomical true north, refers to the direction of the celestial north pole. It is ...

earth based X Y Z coordinate That is in ITRF or WGS84. All the other expressions are conversions done in your hardware/software. An autonomous pos...

Do you want the results to be in a projection system (assuming the GNSS solution was expressed in a flat projection) or on ground? The scaling could t...

To distinguish between NAD83 (2011) and other NAD83 realizations, a survey-grade GNSS receiver relies on the metadata embedded in the navigation messa...

True or Astrnomic North I would expect that the users of this information want azimuths with respect to geodetic north. We had a thread recently wh...

We had almost this same discussion in 2012 and 2013 where somebody was trying to hold 2 cm accuracy on aquifer monitoring wells over quite a few miles...

If you really get to 0.01 ft accuracy, over a north-south extent of several miles, then you will need to do the geoid correction, which a lot of peopl...

@jim-frame You need to read up on this: estimated tax annualized method I had a big RMD late in the year and the estimated tax computation wants t...

Happy to report that after spending way too much time listening to the IRS hold music and being grilled for all kinds of info, I got someone to promis...

Yes, I've seen several intersection stations changed since being observed by C&GS, and looked for a lot more that are gone. Of course, be sure to...

My answer duplicates some of a previous one, but I'll let it stand as I typed it. If I read it right, that's nominally 165 ft east-west and 50 ft nor...

She has some web pages about the Nantucket stones. Her longer paper (24 pgs double spaced w/ 4 pictures) is on the flash drive distributed at the...

While it is convenient to have known points on a N-S line, a pair at any azimuth can provide a useful check on your astro work,

Update: I did finally get cleared and looked at the IRS site, where I find it as I expected - credited to wrong year.