Looking for plans/drawings for substantial exterior monuments. I am seeking something of quality able to withstand freeze/thaw cycles and maintain as tight of accuracy as possible. Maybe something similar to Geodetic survey points??
Need something to present to a client in an industrial setting trying to monitor movements and settlement in building structure. Points will be installed exterior to building and the structure will be monitored in upcoming months/years.
Anyone know where I may find some plans or drawings on how to install such a monument?
I would suggest poured on place concrete, lots of rebar, and at least a foot below freeze depth for your area - but a minimum of 30". Also, top should be an inch or two below grade so it won't get bumped. And of course a domed brass cap.
Maybe one of those rods that are driven to refusal.
That was my first thought, get yourself a sonotube and some rebar and pour a nice footer a foot or two below the frost line. Put a cap or disk set into the concrete on top. I guess it depends on how many you have to do. Berntsen makes some pretty good monuments as well.
Checkout the Corps of Engineers Monumentation Manual
http://140.194.76.129/publications/eng-manuals/EM_1110-1-1002.pdf
Steve,
This is a great document. Thanks for posting it!
PK nail in pavement, is what is used in Arkansas, for a permanent monument!
@##$$%%%^^%^&%&%^*&^&*^*&(^&*(
N
We have some Permanent Bench Marks at out projects that are built on pileings. They drilled down 100 feet with a 10 inch bit, then belled the bottom 10 feet out to 36" diameter. They filled thre bottom 10 feet with concrete and installed a 10 inch casing, with a 1 1/2 inch pipe with a brass cap set in the mass of concrete and extended to just below ground level. At ground level, they poured a 6' X 6' concrete around the casing and put a screw on cap with handle on the casing. Then they placed a 10" bollard filled with concrete at each corner of the slab, with 2" pipes welded to the bollards horizontally to protect the PBM. This is all good until a park ranger decides that the well, PBM, is a safety hazard. There'd a contractor to pull the well and remove the bollards. He broke his winch cable trying to pull the pipe so he brought in a D9 Dozer and chained the pipe to the blade and lifted it. They broke the pipe about 10 feet down. The filled the hole with concrete, pushed out the slab and bollards with the Dozer, then reseeded the area. Fast forward 18 months and our crew shows up to use the PBM and it is gone. When that PBM was destroyed, we lost 30 years of monitoring on that project.
::Cringe::
No words. :-@
City of Sacramento:
Normal standard monument=1.5" mag nail.
Major standard monument=2.5" mag nail.