Well, I originally estimated 120 hours in the field. I had to cut that back slightly when negotiating with the client (federal government). But, once ...

Reasons to adjust:Main reason: any redundancy at all should be adjusted by least squares1) When you have multiple occupations of the same point, wheth...

typically RTK observations are stored as either positions or vectors (at least in the Trimble world). I prefer vectors, along with statistical informa...

Thanks for that link Mr B9G. Also, there are libraries which have been designated as Federal Book Depositories that have many of these documents. In m...

I actually hired someone with the brush clearing attachment on a bobcat to clear my property right before construction. I now keep it clear with an AT...

The classes for vertical control have to do with the estimated error accumulation along a line. Each class specifies certain procedures, equipment, fr...

We do a lot of static surveys. We don't use data collectors for static (only for RTK), so a log sheet is a critical component. Once the data is downlo...

One of the reasons (among others) for doing the original NAD83 adjustment was because there were problem areas in NAD27 because of the way it was "spl...

Dave: SHANNON (KY3090):NAD (USSD): 40-21-33.53/80-01-26.95NAD27: 40-21-33.15538/80-01-25.85590NAD83: 40-21-33.39838/80-01-25.03102NAD-NAD27: 28.285 m ...

As Dave says, normally it should work quite well. I agree that it is usually better than 0.15 m. But, one must consider the source of the NAD27 coordi...

Yes, of course it can be added by a text editor. I like to have all my files correct when I archive them, never know what will happen to the paper log...

My understanding is that every property owner has an easement over every street shown on a subdivision plan, whether it was ever accepted by the munic...

Are Not NGS Reference Mark Usually Visible Without A Tower?Usually the azimuth marks (and reference marks) were visible from the ground. The angles be...

It is in the rinex file (0.000 if you don't put it in). I have always felt that OPUS should read the height and the antenna type from the rinex file, ...

Scale was not specified, but I would say it should be 1"=40' or 1"=50'. I don't think the scale is the controlling factor, the contour interval is the...

Yes, and they would be almost of the same positional quality as the main station. I have found that as good as the triangulation teams could locate st...

State Plane Coordinates Are Clearly Defined. Period!That is what happens when you get people who know nothing about control work doing control work. I...