I cannot understand how anyone can confuse the two types of “N” you mention. The geoid is the fundamental surface of physical geodesy. When used in h...

I don’t keep track of cartographer jobs. Not that there are any problems with cartographers. Some of my best friends are cartographers. Well not that ...

@andy-bruner I always used for US Survey Foot 3937/1200 or its reciprocal for meters to feet and vice versa. With the deprecation of the US Survey ...

A closeup shot from top image:

You write: “After poking around and reading various manuals I was able to level it and take a range reading that seems to be correct to a few cm o...

@bill93 Yes they did mention that there would be a number of polls. Too bad they did not allocate enough time for the presenter to get through her s...

An example of a large CF yielding a half-meter difference in a 1 kilometer line is at the Telluride, CO airport. See attached data sheet for a point ...

FWIW, I had no problem running Safari on an iPad Pro. The presentation, interrupted by too many polls, displayed and described how NGS plans to conso...

After taking Spanish at Uni, I worked in a French-speaking country as a geometre. Back to the US and a decade later had a work assignment in South Ame...

@thebionicman I am unfamiliar with your definition of ordinate. I do not see it as consistent with that in the NGS Geodetic Glossary (located here...

@peter-lothian The image above is from the Mathworks site. When dealing with different types of dimensional data “we” would refer to coordinate pai...

For those not familiar with this classic text, it covers least squares, network adjustment as well as projections NOT only GNSS. Highly recommended.

@norman-oklahoma from the original post: “…field work procedure that is needed for network adjustment measurements.” As he does not specify what he...