A realistically estimated adjustment is considered successful if:1. the a posteriori variance close to unity.The horizontal angles, zenith angles, and...

Off on a tangent....We checked three instruments on a CBL last year;A Leica TCRA1101+ (manufacturer spec 2mm, +/- 2ppm) tested at 0.0006m, +/-0.0003m ...

If you can't devise a minimum of THREE methods to meet tolerance, you might want to subcontract.

Ralph nailed the robotic one for minimal travel.In the past, I always used number 1 to close the horizon. It made sense to add another check on 360 t...

Adjustment theory....It is obvious that a closing error should be distributed through the observations such that it should produce a distortion as min...

-60 FT to +1776 FT in less than two minutes.-60 FT to +1776 FT without an elevator might take days...

I tried to clean it up a bit, but the observations are slightly "unorthodox".I can't correlate certain observations with the scheme. Seems as if some...

You also have to take into account centering and leveling errors at instrument and rod.However, the instrument constant and scale can be accounted for...

Simple...Treat the northing and easting separately as if they were two misclosed benchruns.Pro-rate out the misclosure over the number of stations min...