Does anyone know the differences in these guns? Besides price?
The Carlson robot and the Zoom80 are the same gun, just supported by their respective companies; Carlson contracts with Geomax to sell the Zoom80 as a "Carlson robot" and the only difference is the sticker.
As for the TS12, as far as I know there are not many major differences between it and the TPS1200 series (ie. the Zoom80/Carlson robot). The primary difference is the Viva onboard UI which is an improvement over the previous iterations of Leica's SmartWorx UI (which is similar to the Geomax interface the Zoom80/Carlson robot utilizes). The TS12 also has improved drive motors which allow for slightly faster PowerSearch and tracking function and improved battery performance. Other than that I believe the EDM is the same between the TS12 R1000 and the Zoom80/Carlson robot and features such as PowerSearch, tracking, guidelights, touch screen, and the bluetooth handle function in more or less the same manner.
You can compare the data sheets for yourself:
Price is important but I would always recommend choosing based on which dealer/company will offer you the greatest support. Secondly, the data collection software you prefer should help steer you towards your choice; do you want to use MicroSurvey FieldGenius, Carlson SurvCE, or Leica Viva?